Pregnancy Discrimination in California: What Every Employee Should Know

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Pregnancy should be a time of anticipation, not anxiety. Yet for many employees in California, announcing a pregnancy at work can trigger fear of job loss, demotion, or mistreatment. That’s where California’s legal protections come in. State and federal laws strictly prohibit pregnancy discrimination and offer strong rights to employees navigating pregnancy, childbirth, and related conditions.

If you believe you’ve been treated unfairly at work because of your pregnancy or a related condition, understanding your rights is the first step. Here’s what every California employee should know.

What Is Pregnancy Discrimination?

Pregnancy discrimination occurs when an employer treats an employee or job applicant unfairly because of pregnancy, childbirth, or a related medical condition. This could include:

  • Firing or demoting a pregnant employee
  • Refusing to hire someone because they are pregnant
  • Denying promotions, assignments, or training
  • Failing to provide reasonable accommodations
  • Retaliating against an employee for taking pregnancy-related leave

Both federal and California laws make these actions illegal.

Key Federal Laws Protecting Pregnant Workers

1. Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA)

The Pregnancy Discrimination Act is part of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It prohibits discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related conditions in any aspect of employment. This law applies to employers with 15 or more employees.

Learn more from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

2. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

The ADA may apply if a pregnant worker has a pregnancy-related medical condition considered a disability (e.g., gestational diabetes or preeclampsia). Employers must provide reasonable accommodations unless doing so causes undue hardship.

3. Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA)

Effective June 27, 2023, the PWFA expanded protections by requiring covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations for pregnancy-related conditions. This includes more than just physical limitations—it covers recovery from childbirth, lactation needs, miscarriage, and mental health conditions like postpartum depression.

California’s Stronger State Protections

California law offers even broader protections than federal law. These protections apply to more workers and require employers to take additional steps to support pregnant employees.

1. Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA)

The FEHA applies to employers with 5 or more employees and prohibits discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and related conditions. It also requires employers to:

  • Provide reasonable accommodations
  • Engage in a timely, good-faith interactive process
  • Prevent harassment and retaliation

Review the California Civil Rights Department’s employment rights overview.

2. Pregnancy Disability Leave (PDL)

If you are disabled by pregnancy, you may be entitled to up to four months of unpaid, job-protected leave under California’s Pregnancy Disability Leave law. You do not need to work a certain number of hours to qualify.

Examples of pregnancy disabilities:

  • Bed rest prescribed by a doctor
  • Severe morning sickness
  • Childbirth recovery
  • Postpartum depression (in some cases)

Your employer may require medical certification, but they must reinstate you to the same or a comparable position after leave.

3. California Family Rights Act (CFRA)

Separate from PDL, the CFRA allows eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of leave to bond with a new child or care for their own or a family member’s serious health condition. Unlike PDL, CFRA requires that you:

  • Have worked for the employer for at least 12 months
  • Have worked at least 1,250 hours in the past year

PDL and CFRA can be combined, giving eligible employees nearly seven months of protected leave.

Reasonable Accommodations During Pregnancy

Under both FEHA and the PWFA, employers must provide reasonable accommodations to pregnant employees who need them. This might include:

  • Modified duties or workload
  • Additional breaks
  • Temporary transfer to a less strenuous role
  • Seating arrangements
  • Remote work
  • Time off for prenatal appointments
  • Lactation accommodations (e.g., private space and break time)

As long as the accommodation doesn’t cause “undue hardship” to the employer, they are legally obligated to comply. If your employer refuses, that may be a violation of your rights.

Proving Pregnancy Discrimination in California

To prove a claim under California law, the employee generally must show that:

  1. They were pregnant or had a related condition.
  2. The employer took adverse action (e.g., fired, demoted, denied leave).
  3. The pregnancy or condition was a substantial motivating reason for the adverse action.
  4. The employee was harmed (e.g., loss of income, emotional distress).

In the recent case Lopez v. La Casa de Las Madres, the California appellate court clarified that an employee must also show they could perform their job duties with reasonable accommodation. This case highlights the importance of the interactive process and documentation.

What Should You Do If You Suspect Discrimination?

Here are some general steps employees often consider:

  • Keep records: Save emails, texts, and written requests related to your pregnancy and work.
  • Document accommodations: If you ask for modified duties or leave, put it in writing.
  • Speak up: Talk to HR or a supervisor and follow your company’s complaint procedures.
  • Seek legal help: If internal processes fail, consider contacting a lawyer who focuses on employment law and pregnancy rights.

You can also file a complaint with the California Civil Rights Department (CRD) or the EEOC.

Final Thoughts

No one should have to choose between their health and their job. California law offers some of the strongest workplace protections in the country for pregnant employees—but exercising those rights starts with awareness.

If you’ve been mistreated at work because of pregnancy, childbirth, or a related condition, KP Litigators is here to fight for you. Our experienced legal team understands how emotionally and financially overwhelming these situations can be.

Let us help you take the next step. Whether you’re seeking justice, reinstatement, or compensation, our team will stand by you with confidence and care.

Call (866) 973-5691 to schedule your free consultation. You have rights. We’ll help you enforce them.

 

Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be taken as legal advice. Consult with a qualified attorney to discuss your specific situation.